Students can learn in the classroom or on the move with Online Practice. The first goal is to explore the difference between fairness and justice in language assessment.

The authors distinguish internal and external dimensions of the equitable and just treatment of individuals taking language tests which are used as gatekeeping devices to determine access to education and employment, immigrant status, citizenship, and other rights. The second goal is to show how the extent of test fairness can be demonstrated and improved using the tools of psychometrics, in particular the models collectively known as Rasch measurement.

Using Rasch analysis models to explore and identify sources of unfairness, the authors make a compelling case for fairness in the design and implementation of language assessment instruments and for justice in the interpretation and use of test results.

A real strength of the book is that it guides readers through analytical techniques in an accessible way. Popular Books. Twelve Days of Christmas by Debbie Macomber.

Pandemia by Alex Berenson. J When are prepositions stressed? Prepositions are usually only stressed when they are the last word, e. Compare: We need to talk about our vacation. What are you talking about? Freddie is afraid of flying. What are you afraid of? Then ask and answer the questions with a partner. What do they disagree about? Answer the questions. What does Kerri th ink about?

Who disagrees? What do they think? What about? Mark the sentences T true or F false. Why is Kerri surprised? London's just not as hectic as New York. Don Sure, we all like peace and quiet. But in my New York is possibly Don't you? Kerri To be I definitely prefer London. Don Come on, Rob. You've lived in both. What do you? The whole world is here! Kerri But that's the problem.

It's too big. There are too many people. Everybody's so stressed out. And nobody has any time for you. Jenny I don't think that's Kerri. New Yorkers are very friendly. Kerri Oh they can sound friendly with all that "Have a nice day" stuff. Copy the rhythm and intonation.

Discuss the following sentences. Can you remember any of - Riding a bike is the most practical way to the missing words? Social English phrases - You only get good service in expensive restaurants. Jenny It's that How do you say them in your language? What does it mean? I've been ble to Which one do you like best? If at first you don't succeed, What other verb is it similar to? Maybe it was because of that F I've always wanted to be able to scene In one of the very first James Bond movies, where a G we would never be able to beautiful actress comes out of the ocean looking fabulous, with oxygen tanks on her back - I could see myself looking e Read the article again.

Why did they have problems? So, two years ago I booked a vacation that Have they completely given up trying? Have you ever included a week-long Intensive course.

On the first day of tried to learn something and given up? First, we had two hours of theory, and then we went Into the ocean to put it into f Look at phrases A-G again. What tense or form is practice. But as soon as I went under the water, I discovered be able to in each one? What tenses or forms does that I suffered from claustrophobia. After can have? Every evening for the rest of my vacation I had to listen to my scuba-diving classmates g ,- p.

Learn more about can, talking about all the wonderful things they had seen that could, and be able to, and practice them. I still love swimming and snorkeling, but I think that I have to accept that 3 scuba dive.

Make new sentences with the verbs or verb phrases you hear. Ride a horse When I was working in love to be able to ride a horse.

Ecuador there were free classes, so I joined. Park the basic steps, but I was exercising like a robot! I didn't give up, 0e won't be able to park. I can a Look at the topics. Choose two or three and think still remember the first two steps, and I still try to exercis when I about what you could say for them.

Sean, Canada Something you've tried to learn, but have never been able to do well. Something you learned to do after a lot of effort. Something you can do, but you'd like to be able to do better. I Something new that you would like to be able to do.

I think Asian languages, which have symbols instead of words, soon be able to do well. Also my teacher, a Japanese woman, didn't speak before they leave school. Spanish very well, which didn't help!

She was a very charming woman, but she was a little disappointed with us, and you could b Work with a partner. However, you chose in a. Give reasons or explanations for one day she invited us to dinner and gave us some delicious each one. Which languages do they speak? How did they learn? Before you read, match the languages below with words Which language s. Complete the sentences with 3 does he like best bored or borinB.

We use the adjective ending in -ed for the person but he can speak who has the feeling I was very frustrated that I couldn't scuba dive. We use the adjective ending in -ing for a person or situation that produces the eleven languages feeling I couldn't join in the conversation, which was very frustrating. I never imagined that it would English or listening to English? He said that he has always been interested in languages.

Underline the stressed decided to learn Dutch with CDs and books. It was great. Ask for yourseW books, but also by watching movies, listening to more information. Then complete language learning, and figure out their meaning from with a reflexive pronoun. We use reflexive pronouns myself. I always test on new vocabulary.

It's a good S What other languages would you like to be able to way to remember it. It took him three years. It turns on and off. Good job! S My sister's so vain! Everytime she passes a mirror, she looks at in it!

Listen once and complete their tip. Then compare your notes with a partner. He said, "There seem to be more your phone. Going around speaking English loudly and b Listen again. Try to add more details about each tip. For now I need to concentrate on my German and Russian, so I can prepare for my finals. Try it! Then talk to a partner about questions A D He's dialing a number. Do you agree with what Debrett's says? C D She just hung up.

D D She's choosing a new ringtone. F D She left a message on his voicemail. D The line's busy. Nowadays it still offers advice on what quiet zones instant messaging tic, and what not to do in social situations. How long have you had it? If you're sometimes embarrassed by your ringtone. Cl from What do you use your phone for apart talking?

CJ Have you ever With a partner, cross out the silent letters. Match the highlighted phrases sho'-'d talk wrong listen half dishonest with their meaning. Two of the phrases match the knowledge design whole rhy thm doubt same meaning. It isn't necessary. B Don't do this. C It's necessary or required to do this.

D It's a good idea to do this. Try to copy the rhythm and to link the marked words. Learn more about must, have to, and should, and practice them. That is the reason why they exist. Your phone is not a megaphone. You don't have to shout. It phone. Put while you ore talking to somebody your phone on vibrate in meetings, movies, etc. If you must take a call in the car, use a hands-free set.

Think of three things that you feel would be bad manners to do. Did Heidi do any of chose things? I think this was wrong.

Heidi was invited to spend the weekend with her fiance Freddie's d Now read some of the comments chat were posted on family at their house. But soon after they returned home, Heidi the Internet. Write H next to the ones that support received a very nasty email from Carolyn Bourne, Freddie's Heidi and C next to the ones that support Carolyn.

Bourne says Heidi should have sent a handwritten thank-you note We are in the 21st century. Nobody sends handwritten letters anymore. Why didn't he prepare Heidi? He must know what his stepmother is like. He could also have prepared his family by telling them about any eating problems his friend has. I don't think Heidi should have sent it on to her friends. It makes me think that Mrs. Bourne might be right about her bad manners. Here are a few examples of your lack of manners: 4 The stepmother seems to be extremely jealous of Heidi.

If I were should not declare what you will and will not eat - unless Heidi, I would leave him. Bourne, I agree with every word you say. Young You have never written to thank me when you have stayed. I hope Freddie comes to his senses and finds someone better. Surprised and amused, the friends forwarded it to other people, and soon the email had been posted on several websites, with thousands of people writing comments about the mother-in-law.

Then compare with a partner. Read about what Heidi and Freddie did next. American manners. What was their problem when they first met? It's OK if you know the person ";::!!

Jason thought Caroline was rude when she asked him to hang out with her. D criticize the food e. Slow down! Qa,b,or c. Turn it off. I I'm not in right now. Please hold. I We arrived Vancouver at What kind of concert was it? What happened? Turn it off! Something historic happened at the New York Philharmonic on the evening of January 10, , about an hour into Mahler's Ninth Symphony.

And rang. And rang again. It was the kind of marimba riff we've a he only needs to take one train all heard on the street from a stranger's phone. We all wondered whether the conductor Alan Gilbert would react.

Suddenly there was silence. Gilbert had halted the performance. He turned to a they have had a lot of practice the man, who was seated in the front row, and said: b they know when children are hungry "Are you going to turn it off? Will you do that? In the Avery Fisher Hall. They were so furious b talk about the same things as women that I could have imagined them dragging him from his seat on to the stage, tying him to a stake, and setting him alight!

Gilbert turned to the audience. Gilbert neither smiled nor acknowledged the a check their phones for the time cheers. Instead he turned to the orchestra, instructing the b don't interact with you while they're on the phone players to resume, several bars back from the point at which he had stopped the performance. Just before, he raised his c use their phones when they are having dinner baton and turned again to the audience and said.

Gilbert's brave decision that night brought new music to the Philharmonic. Do the tasks with a partner. I the box if you can do them. Can you In what part of the symphony did the phone ring? D talk about typical stereotypes about men and 3 How did the audience react a to the phone ringing, and b to what the conductor did? Gilbert restart the music from the same place 4 D describe something you would like co be able to do, where he had stopped?

Check their meaning and pronunciation and try to learn them. Short movies Citi bikes Watch and enjoy the movie. In pairs, interview your partner about sports using the questionnaire. Be careful with or there are two possible pronunciations. Look at the typical spellings good sports should be optional there is too much or not enough of these sounds. Do you know what any of their a Do you know of any sports players who are superstitions are or were?

A It is not only the players who are superstitious B A good example is Serena Williams C Superstitions and rituals are very common among fans D After my wife had left the room, Murray lost the fourth set E The superstitions and rituals are not confined to the court F Tennis playersarc strange people c Read the article again.

Read and tell each other about the spectators, or all of them? Goran lvanisevic. I laughed at sporting superstitions 1 Tennis players are strange people. Have you noticed how they always ask for convinced that if he won a match, he had to repeat everything he did the previous day. Spurs will score. I left the times before serving. One year this meant room and they scored. Spurs Tottenham Hotspur, a London 4 soccer team.

As we were watching tennis player Andy Murray play the fourth set at Wimbledon, my wife suddenly got up and went to the kitchen. When she charm anything from a scarf was once asked why she had played to a lucky coin , while another so badly at the French Open she questionnaire revealed that answered. I didn't. I just knew it was games with the same people.

In what sports League soccer referee from Spain. Listen to Part 1 and choose a, do you think cheating is most common? What kinds of things do people do when they cheat? How did she cheat? Why did he become a referee? Learn more b They accept money to lose games.

Complete the sentences with one to with the verbs in the right tenses. Is it true in other sports as well? Wouldyou like to be a sports referee or umpire? Choose two of the topics below and plan what you are going to say. Ask your teacher for any words you need. What were you doing? Why did you cheat? What happened in the end? Who was finish line at the Boston Marathon. She finished the race in the third-fastest time What happened?

Why was it so exciting? Some spectators who were watching What were you doing? How did the accident the race told them what had really happened. What part of your body did you hurt?

What happened next? How long did it take you During the last half mile, Rosie suddenly to recover? Where were you? Who were real winner, Jacqueline Gareau. It was Later you with? What was the celebrity doing? Did you speak to him I her? How were you traveling? Why did you get lost?

Tell each other your The hand of God? Give as much detail as you can. I t was June 22, The score J be When I was younger In the 51st minute, the Argentinian captain, Diego Maradona, 4 score a goal. Write a story about something. However, TV cameras showed that Maradona 1 Maradona e score the goal with his hand! They went on to win the World Cup. D O in a cafe, club, etc. Why did their relation ship almost never happen? He thought, "It will be like putting a candle In Carnegie Hall.

Their eyes met at Exit 19 of the New York State in a window. The romance that followed almost crashed my car on various occasions," she said, "trying to WIS even less likely than the plot of an opera! One day, when she was driving to and then later they went to an opera, La Boheme, and to a Yankees garr an audition, she came off the Thruway and stopped at the They are now married and living in Kentucky, where Sonya is a tollbooth where Michael Fazio was working.

She talked with him as voice and music professor at Murray State she paid to go through, and thought he was cute. For the next three College and Michael runs an activity center months, they used to exchange a few words at a nursing home.

It turned out that she had as she handed him the money, and he raised given him her number just in time. A short the barrier to let her pass. Where are stopped using the New York State Thruway. They learned more might never have seen him again," she said. But their conversations suddenly came to an end when Glossary Michael changed his working hours. DD Sonya moved to New Jersey. E D Sonya gave Michael her phone number. F D Michael changed his working hours again. Copy the linking and the sentence rhythm.

G [I] Sonya talked with Michael. H D They stopped seeing each other. I D They had their first meeting. J D Sonya and Michael moved to Kentucky. Try to figure out what they mean. Then match them with below. How do you feel about these people and attractive, good-looking things now? Why did you like it?

Do you know any couples who met under that you've given up? Match each one with a place from la. Compare your notes with your partner and listen again if but that is necessary. Which meeting do you think was the most romantic?

Answer the questions with a parmer. I used to hate most vegetables, especially We used to go to clubs together on Saturday night. When do we use used to? How do you make negatives and questions?

Learn more about usually and used to, and practice them. Write them 3 to argue with somebody and to discuss something in the correct columns. In pairs, ask and summer sure unusual used to usually various answer the questions. What are the two exceptions? Do you think the following are T true or F false? Think about your According to research, are in a true or false? Who is the most positive about Facebook?

A O You can only have two or three Who is the most negative? B O Nowadays people are in touch d Listen again. Answer with Young, Beth, Emma, or Ned. Which caJler C O Men keep their friends longer 1 0 does not want to share personal information with strangers than women. Try to give real examples from your own experience or e Do you use Facebook or any other social networking sites?

Do of people you know. Use the phrases below you agree with anything the speakers said? For instance, I once lent some money to a cousin W hat's ask Jenny? Monica's news? What does she do now? Monica Of not. Come on, sit down. Jenny Uh Requests: asking someone to do something 1 Rob you pass the sugar? Jenny 2 Rob Could you do me a big 7 I have to work late this evening, so Jenny at all.

I'd like to meet him. I'll give you a 29l Watch or listen. How do Rob and Jenny feel about the keys. Paul's arrival? Jenny No , Rob. How do you respond to Do you mind if. Can you remember any of e 28l Watch or listen and repeat the the missing words? Paul It's to see you, mate. Paul No man! Do they remind you of any movies or TV series that you have seen? In , movie director Julian Fellowes, a close friend of the family, was planning a new TV series New York City, USA about an aristocratic family and their servants during the early 20th century.

In fact, Downton Abbey. The series was a there are hardly any alleys in New York today at all. One huge success, and it has been sold all over the world. Both the interior and of the few remaining ones, Cortlandt Alley, has been exterior scenes were shot in and around the castle itself. Movies with the First World War. JJe Bwods, care of in the castle.

It is on the edge of Chinatown. It is also open on many Sundays and holidays in Manhattan, between Franklin Street and Canal from a. Visit the Egyptian Gallery. Tn fact. Pharaoh Tutankhamun. Canada Which place? T his Gothic Revival style building, with a I is not really as it seems in movies spectacular tower, was ' by 2 has a permanent exhibition there Canadian architect E.

Unfortunately, in , the city of Toronto write a novel about it seized Casa Loma from Pellatt for nonpayment 5 is one of the few places of its kind of taxes. After several years of neglect, the castle that still exists was scheduled for demolition, but it was saved by 6 is only open during holiday periods the Kiwanis Club-a service club that helps the 7 was taken from its owner homeless, the hungry, and other disadvantaged 8 was used to make equipment for a war people.

The club still holds meetings there today! During World War II, equipment designed to find d Have you seen any of the movies or underwater enemy boats was made in the castle. TV series mentioned? Which of the Because of its unusual look, the castle has been three places would you most like to used as a location in several well-known movies visit? How do you form the public due to prebooked function,.

The castle the passive? What part of the passive changes when you want to is open dail from a. It's closed change the tense? Learn more about the passive and www.

Then listen again to check and write them in. What do you think the a Look at the images from some famous highlighted phrases mean? What kinds of movies are they? Have 1 Cortlandt Alley has been used for almost all the alley scenes in you seen any of them?

What are they about? What do you think they have in common? Who is it directed by? Ask for and give as much information as you can. Do you have similar tastes? In pairs, answer the questions. What she had to do during the movie 2 Which Spielberg movie do you think was being made? Being an extra d Listen again and mark the sentences T true or What happened after the movie was finished F false.

When the movie company came to Krakow, Dagmara g Would you have liked to have done Dagmara's job? Do you think she made the right decision in the end? Write a review of Spielberg's speech, because the interpreter was late. She must P diphthongs be his sister. What does your profile picture say about you? Do you have a profile photo of yourself that you use on social networking sites, or on your ID? Whether It's a photo of you on a night out or of you b Look at the four profile photos.

Why do you think the with your newborn baby, the Image you choose to people have chosen these photos? Then look at the four photos again. Which of visual projection to friends and family of who you are and the 12 categories do you think they belong to? On Twitter, A Photo of you as a child where people follow both B Vacation photo friends and strangers, profile pictures are smaller and C logo of your business or company perhaps more significant.

D Photo with a celebrity They are often the E Photo with a partner first and only visual F Photo with your baby or child introduction people have to each other. Look at the highlighted phrases. So what does your With a partner, try to figure out their meaning.

Which categories do they fit in? Do you agree with the text? Has the article made you want to change your profile picture? Which one is the thief? Then listen and 4 Having fun with friends repeat the five words and sounds.

Generally young and carefree, you want to project an image of being fun and popular. You are nostalgic for your childhood. Using a caricature is a way of saying that your image isn't rigid and that you don't take yourself too seriously. Then practice saying the phrases below. It says. Then in two minutes, match three sentences with each person. D He J she can't be a business person. Find out about the three people. Did you guess correctly? Which modal verbs mean it's possible?

Learn more 2 Which modal verb means it's very likely to happen? Make Do you know who she is? Can you guess why she has sentences about him using changed her appearance? American British very famous homeless 2 Judging people by appearance can be useful and is funny dangerous often right. Say why the Fones are false. Where were the speaker and her friend, Ny? Who was the man? W hen Susan Boyle first walked onto the stage most stereotypes are linked to judging whether a person of the Britain's Got Talent TV show, people looks dangerous or not.

Nobody thought for a minute that she had a chance of doing well on the show, or could One reason why our brains persist in using stereotypes, ever become a star. But when she opened her mouth and experts say, is that often they give us generally accurate started singing I Dreamed a Dream, information, even if all the details aren't right.

Boyle's appearance, for example, everybody was amazed. After the accurately told us a lot about her, video of her performance went including her socioeconomic level viral, journalists started talking and lack of worldly experience.

This may be one there are reasons why we of the reasons why, judge people based on how although Ms. Boyle they look. On a very basic expressed the level, judging people by hope that their appearance means "maybe this putting them quickly into could teach categories. In the past, them a being able to do this was lesson, or set vitally important, and an example," humans developed the she did begin ability to judge other to change people in seconds.

In what way? Paragraph4 3 On what occasions might you judge someone by their 5 people who are not expected to succeed appearance?

I've known him all my life. He's very nice. I go every evening. They were really expensive. Take a look. I saw them together just now. I'm not sure. W hat are they? Before a performance, actors often Andrew Adrian Ryder Helen Rebekah a it used to cause problems for the scene changers Andrew b it was associated with being out of work a prefers watching sports to playing sports c it confused the actors b plays at least five sports 3 It is bad luck to Check b thought the person looked younger on the Internet their meaning and pronunciation and try to learn them.

English actors used to say to each other "I hope Do the tasks with a partner. I the box if you can you break a leg. D they go on stage. Original stage crews were often hired from ships 2 D talk about three past and three that were in port.

These sailors. If an actor whistled, this could confuse the sailors into and what you thought of it D changing the set or scenery at the wrong time. What will you V education do if you don't pass P the letter u your exams? Answer as 1 How ma"'!

How many did you get right? Then 4 How many me. D biology Who developecl the theory D chemistry ofrelativity? D geography D history 6 whati. D information technology 7 How manx IC! JS does D literature an in. Omath D physics 8 What i. I you like it? Why do we say a university but an umbrella? Last April, Gareth took on what was ,.. He became an elementary school teacher for a quarter. Many of the boys weren't doing very well at school and, like many other boys, they were a long way behind the girls in reading and writing.

What can you see? How long did Gareth have co reach the boys? Complete the chart. How successful were the three activities?

Did the boys' reading improve? Do you think your topic. The others in the group should listen. At the they are appropriate for girls? Are any of them used in end, they can vote for whether they agree or disagree your country? What is a "tiger mother?

Did you pass or fail? How do you feel about it? S Have you ever failed an important exam you thought you had passed or vice versa? S What will they do if they fail, or ifthey don't get the scores that they need? College grades are usually given in numbers out of What scores did they get? What are they going to do? Learn more about first A lot of people wonder why so many Chinese conditionals and future time children are math geniuses and musical prodigies.

It is a book that caused great f Ask and answer with a partner. English exam Her system had strict rules.

Playing with friends and TV was forbidden. Music was required. The system seemed at first to be working. From a very early age her daughters Sophia and Lulu were outstanding students and musical prodigies. A "They are a mystery to me," she says B Later Sophia was even allowed to go to a pop concert C ask why she didn't get an A in math D Chua spent much of her daughters' childhood shouting at them and criticizing every mistake they made E Born in the Unites States to Chinese immigrant parents F In fact, she is glad her mother made her learn G to be at least two years ahead of their classmates in math H "There's no musical talent in my family," she says, "it's just hard work" c In pairs, look at the highlighted words and phrases and figure out their meaning from the context.

Do you agree with any of them? Wow, what a different way of looking at how to learn! Amy Chua certainly shows that strict discipline works. But personally I think that being positive and encouraging children is better than being so strict.

At 13 Sophia played a piano solo at Carnegie Hall in New I disagree with the idea that children on their own never York City, and at 12, Lulu a violinist, was the leader of a want to work.

My son was motivated by himself to succeed prestigious orchestra for young people. Chua chose math in music. If having strict and pushy parents is what it takes to be a child prodigy, then I feel sorry for the child. Yes, they and music for her daughters, but it seems that they could might be very successful, but at what cost? What is the rest have excelled in anything.

Eventually Chua realized that she was pushing her daughters too hard. Lulu had always rebelled the most, and when she I agree that no matter what we do in life, hard work is was 13 she refused to cooperate at all. After a series of required to be successful. That's a great lesson to learn. Many people have been shocked by the book. She once sent her daughter Lulu, 1 What do you think of Amy Chua's system?

However, the girls do not seem to resent their mother. Chinese parenting system to boys. They didn't let me go out during the week. I like living with my parents. Describe the two photos, and then answer the questions. Which of the two houses would you prefer to live in? Do you get along well?

Do you argue about anything? How many of the people would like to leave home? Still living at home? More and more young people in their 20s all over the world are living with their parents because it is too expensive for them to rent or buy a place of their own. Are you living at home? Are you happy with it? Post a comment at t stilllivingathome c Read the article again. In the highlighted phrases, what tense is the verb after if? Learn more about the second conditional and practice it. If I had the money, I would move out immediately.

All I 1 If I lived on my own, I'd have to pay rent. If it were my place, I'd be happy to do the cleaning and b ,,- Communication Guess the sentence A p. I would take c Choose three of the sentence beginnings below and complete care of it. But right now it's just them in a way that is true for you. I'm perfectly happy living at If I lived on my own, I'd have to pay rent, do the Here my mother does my d Work with a par tner.

A say your first sentence. Tr y to get the laundry, she cleans my room, right rhythm. Bask for more information. Then say your and of course she cooks, and first sentence. I have my computer I'd live downtown.

Even if I could afford it, I wouldn't move out. Not until I get married If they weren't, I wouldn't live with them.